A context-based navigation paradigm for accessing web data.

This paper presents a context-based navigation paradigm, so as to overcome the phenomenon of user disorientation in a Web environment. Conventional navigation along static links is complemented by run-time generated guided tours, which are derived dynamically from the context of a user's information requirements. The result is a two-dimensional navigation paradigm, which reconciles complete navigational freedom and flexibility with a measure of linear guidance. Consequently, orientation is improved through reduced cognitive overhead and an increased sense of document coherence.Information; Requirements; Cognitive;

Autonomous navigation system

An inertial navigation system utilizing a servo-controlled two degree of freedom pendulum to obtain specific force components in the locally level coordinate system is described. The pendulum includes a leveling gyroscope and an azimuth gyroscope supported on a two gimbal system. The specific force components in the locally level coordinate system are converted to components in the geographical coordinate system by means of a single Euler transformation. The standard navigation equations are solved to determine longitudinal and lateral velocities. Finally, vehicle position is determined by a further integration

Conceptual nonorthogonal gyro configuration for guidance and navigation

Nonorthogonal sensor configuration using six single-degree-of-freedom inertial reference gyroscopes and a complete data processing and self-contained failure detection-and-isolation mechanism provides redundant capabilities to guidance and navigation systems. This system has been formulated in a strap-down configuration to attain maximum redundancy

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAKAN CHINA TERHADAP FONOP OLEH AMERIKA SERIKAT DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN

Abstrak Amerika serikat kembali meluncurkan Kapal perusak yang bertipe USS Decatur. Menurut Penjabat Amerika Serikat, Kapal Perusak Kendali-Rudal USS Decatur sedang melakukan apa yang disebut Militer amerika sebagai Operasi Freedom Of Navigation atau operasi Kebebasan bernavigasi. Kejadian ini berada pada saat Kapal USS Decatur milik Amerika Serikat melwati jarak 12 mil laut karang Gaven dan Johnson di Kepulauan Spartly yang terpencil. Akan tetapi selama operasi yang dilakukan oleh Amerika tersebut, sebuah kapal perang China berlayar dalam jarak beberapa meter dari kapal perusak Amerika Serikat, memaksanya untuk mengubah arah, dalam pertemuan “tidak aman dan tidak profesional” karena kapal Amerika berada di perairan yang disengketakan di Laut China Selatan. Masalah dalam penelitiam ini yakni, apakah tindakan China dalam melakukan peringatan terhadap Prinsip Freedom of Navigation Operation ini merupakan pelanggaran dalam prinsip FON. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain adalah Menganalisis tindakan peringatan dengan cara melakukan  manuver oleh kapal perusak milik China terhadap Kapal USS  Decatur milik Amerika Serikat yang melakukan operasi Freedom Of  Navigation Di Wilayah Laut China Selatan temasuk pelanggaran  dalam Prinsip Freedom Of Navigation atau tidak. Dengan statusnya sebagai wilayah yang di sengketakan dan belum ada putusan yang sah dari peradilan internasional tentang Laut China Selatan ini, maka wilayah diluar 12 mil Laut teritorial dan 200 mil ZEE China adalah Laut lepas sesuai dengan UNCLOS 1982. Dan sesuai dengan UNCLOS 1982, wilayah laut lepas memiliki hak yang sama bagi semua negara dan mempunyai kebebasan akses bagi semua negara. Negara yang melakukan atau membatasi negara yang menerapkan hak kebebasan bernavigasi atau Freedom of Navigation di wilayah tersebut dapat dianggap melanggar ketentuan Hukum internasional sekalipun negara tersebut telah melakukan pembangunan serta reklamasi di wilayah tersebut Kata kunci : Freedom of Navigation, Amerika Serikat, China, Laut China Selatan   Abstract The United States again launched the destroyer type USS Decatur. According to the Acting United States, the USS Decatur Full-Missile Destroyer is carrying out what the American military calls Operation Freedom of Navigation. This incident occurred when the USS Decatur Ship belonging to the United States passed a distance of 12 miles of coral reefs Gaven and Johnson in the remote Spartly Islands. But during the operation carried out by the Americans, a Chinese warship sailing within a few meters of a US destroyer, forcing the ship to change direction, in an "insecure and unprofessional" meeting because the American ship was in disputed waters in the South China Sea. The problem in this research is whether China's action in commemorating the Freedom of Navigation Operation Principle is a violation of the FON principle. The purpose of this research is to analyze the warning actions by maneuvering by Chinese destroyers of USS Decatur ships owned by the United States that carry out Freedom of Navigation operations in the South China Sea Area whether or not violating Freedom of Navigation Principles. With its status as a disputed territory and there is no valid ruling from this international court of law about the South China Sea, the territory outside of the 12-mile territorial Sea and 200 miles of China EEZ is the high seas according to UNCLOS 1982. And according to 1982 UNCLOS, The high seas have the same rights for all countries and have freedom of access for all countries. Countries that carry out or restrict countries that apply the right of freedom of navigation in that region may be considered to violate the provisions of international law even if the country has undertaken development and reclamation in the region Keyword : Freedom of Navigation, United States, China, South China Se

U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program

For the last decade, the United States has been engaged in Freedom of Navigation exercises with ships and aircraft in sea areas of disputed jurisdiction. At times these exercises have evoked armed responses from the nations concerned. What has been the purpose of these precipitous activities on the part of the u.S.? What is the legal basis for this activity, and has it served the interests of the international community or the United States? This paper will examine the elements of international law pertaining to disputes rising from territorial sea claims and their impact on passage and overflight. It will review some of the historic disputes that persist today, namely the Gulf of Sidra and the Black Sea, and examine the actions the interested parties have taken. In summation, an assessment will be made regarding the benefits and disadvantages of such actions. Is there a better method for conflict resolution in this area or has the program been a success

Applicability of relative GPS to automated rendezvous between the space shuttle and space station

The purpose of this study is to determine the adequacy of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in providing relative navigation for automated rendezvous and proximity operations. The study was performed using the Proximity Operations Simulator (POS), Lockheed's high-fidelity, 6 degree of freedom simulation of the space shuttle and space station. This simulation includes identical models of GPS receivers for each vehicle. The navigation software in each vehicle includes identical Kalman filters. Each filter computes the absolute state of its vehicle, and the relative state vector is obtained by simply subtracting absolute states

Applicability of relative GPS to automated rendezvous between the space shuttle and Space Station

The purpose of this study is to determine the adequacy of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in providing relative navigation for automated rendezvous and proximity operations. The study was performed using the Proximity Operations Simulator (POS), Lockheed's high-fidelity, six-degree-of-freedom simulation of the Space Shuttle and Space Station. This simulation includes identical models of GPS receivers for each vehicle. The navigation software in each vehicle includes identical Kalman filters. Each vehicle estimates its own state, and the relative state is obtained by simply subtracting absolute states